AP Networking Practice Test

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• Name and briefly describe three common dynamic routing protocols and a key characteristic for each.
• Which term describes any device connected to a network?
• What is the PDU of the Application Layer?
• Explain how a firewall differs from an access control list (ACL) in traffic control.
• Which command shows the current user?
• Which OSI layer is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and terminating sessions?
• What is the PDU of the Presentation Layer?
• What is the fundamental difference between a MAC address and an IP address?
• Encapsulation
• Which DNS record types and purposes are commonly used for domain name resolution and mail routing?
• What is the broadcast address of the first /26 subnet within 192.168.0.0/24?
• Layer 2 forwarding within a local network
• Which is the lowest layer of the OSI model?
• What is the structure of an Ethernet II frame and the purpose of each field?
• What is the PDU of the Session Layer?
• Which OSI layer is identified as Layer 7 in the model?
• Which topology is often chosen for fault tolerance because devices have multiple redundant interconnections?
• Which layer is described as responsible for preparing data to be transported across the network?
• Which command is used to create empty files?
• What is ARP poisoning and which mitigation is effective against it?
• Which statement best describes a WLAN?
• How does IPv4 address exhaustion influence NAT usage and IPv6 adoption?
• Which OSI layer is identified as Layer 6 in the model?
• data path
• What is NAT traversal in the context of VoIP or video conferencing, and what are common solutions?
• Layer 2 device
• Confidentiality
• Which protocol provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets across the Internet?
• What is the fixed length of an IPv6 header?
• Which command is used to change the current working directory?
• What is the PDU of the physical layer?
• Which OSI layer is closest to the user and provides access to network resources?
• What are the main IPv6 address types and how is a global unicast address typically formed?
• What is TLS and how does a TLS handshake establish a secure connection?
• What is NAT traversal and why is it needed for peer-to-peer or VPN connections?
• Disaster recovery planning is typically part of which category of security controls?
• Which command prints the present working directory path?
• Which device forwards frames within a local network using MAC addresses?
• Which mnemonic can be used to remember the OSI layers?
• Recovery Controls
• Which command would you use to move a file named report.txt to a directory named reports?
• What is the role of a default route, and how is it represented in a routing table?
• Which statement about the DNS protocol is true?
• Which description correctly contrasts stateful and stateless firewalls?
• Which standards support redundancy and high availability by providing alternative paths or load sharing?
• Integrity term
• Which pairing correctly matches an OSI layer to its PDU?
• Which attack overwhelms a network switch with a large number of MAC addresses?
• In a 192.168.1.0/24 network, which is the first usable host address?
• Which statement about fiber optic is correct?
• Which topology has one central node that all devices connect to, with data first going into the central node?
• Which statement best describes the function of the application layer?
• Which acronym stands for a protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery of data?
• From the network 192.168.0.0/24 subdivided into four equal /26 subnets, which option correctly identifies the first subnet's network address and its usable host range?
• Router between networks
• Which command would you use to create a directory named 'projects'?
• Describe port security on switches and how it helps prevent MAC spoofing.
• Which layer is responsible for the physical aspects of transmission, including media, signal, and binary transmission?
• How many bits are in a byte?
• PAN stands for?
• What is QoS and name two methods used to prioritize network traffic?
• Which technology is used to securely connect to a private network over the public internet, typically via encryption tunnels?
• Which command copies files?
• What is the primary purpose of Layer 2 (Data Link) in the OSI model, and which common protocols operate there?
• Which command would you use to print the path of the current directory?
• Which topology is described by multiple redundant interconnections among devices?
• On trunk links carrying multiple VLANs, which tagging protocol is commonly used?
• In VLAN tagging, what is the function of the 4-byte VLAN tag (802.1Q)?
• What is the primary function of a router?
• What does HTTPS stand for?
• Which strategy is most effective for minimizing interference on the 2.4 GHz wireless band?
• What does FTP stand for?
• In DNS, which component delegates authority for a top-level domain to its authoritative servers?
• Which control is designed to protect facilities, systems, and resources and separate people physically from systems?
• In Ethernet II framing, what is the purpose of the Ethertype field?
• Private IP address
• What is the role of a TURN server in NAT traversal?
• Describe the DHCP four-step process (DORA) and the purpose of each step.
• ifconfig command
• What is a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
• In a network switch, which memory table determines the destination port for frames based on MAC addresses?
• Which of the following best describes the function of the presentation layer?
• Which term best describes a device that connects a computer to a network and uses a copper interface?
• Which of the following best describes the responsibilities of the data link layer?
• Which category of controls includes policies, procedures, security awareness training, contingency planning, and disaster recovery plans?
• Which controls can block someone from performing a malicious action?
• What is the purpose of VLAN segmentation in modern networks?
• What is a CAM table in a switch, and what happens when a switch learns a new MAC address?
• Decapsulation description
• Which statement best distinguishes TCP from UDP in terms of reliability and flow control?
• Public IP Address
• Which term describes a technique intruders use to make network or internet transmissions appear legitimate to a victim computer or network?
• What is the function of a modem?
• PAT (Port Address Translation)
• Which controls are designed to discover control problems that were not prevented?
• Which security protocols are standard IPsec components?
• Which command would navigate to a directory named 'home' and place you in its contents?
• Which of the following is a private IPv4 address block listed in the material?
• In IPv6, what is the typical use of a link-local address?
• Which sequence represents a basic troubleshooting protocol?
• Which statement best describes how ARP resolves an IP address to a MAC address on a local area network?
• What is the role of a VPN concentrator in a corporate network?
• Explain the difference between collision domains and broadcast domains and how switches and routers affect them.
• Which layer accepts messages from the network layer and controls the hardware that actually transmits them?
• What is a true property of VLANs?
• Inter-VLAN routing refers to routing traffic between different VLANs. Which device commonly performs this routing?
• Which network device is used to isolate broadcast domains?
• Which command moves up one directory level?
• Which command would you use to copy a file named data.txt to the directory /backup?
• Differentiation between IPsec VPN and SSL/TLS VPN in terms of transport, security, and typical use cases?
• At which OSI layer do MAC addresses operate?
• Which is the correct sequence of steps in a typical DNS resolution?
• How do IPv4 and IPv6 address sizes compare?
• Layer 3 device
• A Personal Area Network is typically used to connect which devices using short-range wireless?
• Which term defines the application of control technologies to limit the use of digital media?
• Which mechanism helps avoid fragmentation by discovering the path MTU?
• Define trunking and access mode on switch ports and their relation to VLANs.
• To go to the user's home directory, which command is used?
• Which term is used with email and other files related to organizational communication?
• What is the function of an ACL when applied at a network device interface?
• Which statement best describes subnetting?
• Which statement correctly characterizes twisted pair cabling?
• What is the primary purpose of the DNS protocol?
• Which port does the DNS protocol use for its query and reply messages?
• What is the purpose of IPv6 extension headers?
• In a router, where are the routes to network destinations stored?
• What is VLAN tagging (802.1Q), and how does it affect trunk and access ports?
• What is the primary function of the DHCP protocol?
• What is the purpose of SNMP in network management, and what are typical security considerations across versions?
• LAN is defined as?
• What is the PDU of the Network Layer?
• What is the security improvement of WPA3-SAE over WPA2-PSK?
• Which OSI layer handles end-to-end communication and reliability?
• Which OSI layer is commonly associated with data encryption and formatting?
• What is the term for the memory table used by a switch to determine destination ports for frames?
• Which protocol is used when guaranteed delivery of each packet is not necessary, using a best-effort delivery mechanism?
• What happens to the Time to Live (TTL) value each time a packet passes through a router?
• Which statement about private IP addresses is true?
• VLAN stands for?
• Integrity
• Which protocol is tightly linked with IP and is usually written as TCP/IP?
• Which statement correctly characterizes fiber optic cabling?
• Which of the following defines a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
• Which statement about the TCP window size is true?
• Which OSI layer is identified as Layer 3 in the model?
• In a star topology, data packets first go into which component before reaching their destination?
• ISP[(Internet Service Provider)]
• What happens after a DNS resolver completes a query for a domain name?
• Which device is described as a communications hardware device that facilitates the transmission of data?
• What term describes the physical arrangement of connections between computers?
• In IPv6 autoconfiguration, how do Router Advertisements and DHCPv6 interact?
• Which statement correctly describes the OSI layer and typical function of a switch versus a router?
• Which term best describes a wireless network that covers a campus and uses multiple access points?
• Which command lists the files in the current directory?
• Decapsulation
• Distinguish between unicast, multicast, and broadcast MAC addresses and how switches handle frames addressed to each.
• Which command moves or renames files?
• Which layer is described as getting a message from one computer to another without errors?
• Which OSI layer is responsible for end-to-end communication control and segmentation?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of DNSSEC?
• Which OSI layer is responsible for node-to-node data transfer and error detection?
• routing table
• Which command would you use to create a directory named 'logs'?
• Define a broadcast storm and how it is prevented in networks.
• Which statement correctly describes PAT's behavior?
• Which term refers to devices that send or receive data?
• How does DNS resolve a domain name to an IP address, including caching and recursion?
• Which statement correctly compares IPv4 and IPv6 headers in terms of address length and header structure?
• Which term describes hardware or software implemented to manage and provide protection?
• Which statement accurately describes the relative characteristics of 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz wireless bands in modern networks?
• Availability concept
• What is the role of a firewall?
• Define MTU and fragmentation. When does fragmentation occur and what issues can fragmentation cause?
• Which statement describes a Wide Area Network (WAN)?
• Which statement best describes a WMN?
• Which statement best describes HTTPS?
• Which category of controls is designed to identify issues after they occur rather than prevent them?
• Which OSI layer is identified as Layer 4 in the model?
• Which layer handles path determination and IP addressing?
• Which of the following ranges is a private IPv4 address range?
• How does SLAAC differ from DHCPv6 in IPv6 address configuration?
• Deterrent Controls are designed to
• What is a common downside of NAT in IPv4 networks?
• Which statement correctly characterizes coaxial cable?
• Which layer keeps data from different applications separate, reliably?
• In a LAN, what component connects multiple devices?
• What is the function of corrective controls?
• Availability
• What problem does Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) address in a LAN?
• DRM stands for which of the following?
• What is the primary purpose of NAT in IPv4 networks?
• Which topology uses a single trunk, or backbone, that connects all devices?
• What is the PDU of the Data Link Layer?
• Which command creates a new directory?
• What is the PDU at the Transport Layer?
• Which OSI layer is identified as Layer 5 in the model?
• Which medium transmits data using light and is not affected by electrical interference?
• Given 192.168.10.0/24, identify the network address, broadcast address, and first and last usable host addresses.
• In DNS resolution, TTL is used to do what?
• Which topology uses a single trunk backbone that connects all devices?
• What is the difference between private and public IP addresses and why NAT is used?
• Layer 1 example
• The bicycle wheel with spokes analogy refers to which topology?
• Which of the following best describes NAT?
• Which layer controls the way messages are sent on the physical media and manages framing, error control, and media access?
• Which statement about VLAN tagging on trunk links is true?
• NIC stands for?
• What is the primary function of VLANs in a campus network?
• Which device carries data over copper wiring?
• In networking terminology, a 'hop' refers to the traversal of a packet through a router.
• NAT (Network Address Translation)
• Which statement best defines a public IP address?
• What describes logical topology?
• Which sequence represents the TCP three-way handshake?
• Which topology combines characteristics of more than one simple physical topology?
• What determines the active route when a router has multiple routes advertising the same destination?
• To switch to the root directory, which command would you type?
• Explain the difference between static NAT, dynamic NAT, and PAT.
• Which topology is defined by devices connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes?
• Which term describes hardware or software implementations used to manage and provide protection?
• What is CIDR notation and how does it relate to subnet masks?
• What are the main components of the ARP cache and what issues arise when entries become stale or poisoned?
• Describe redundancy and high availability in networks and name at least two standard methods or devices used to achieve it.
• Which command displays the contents of a file?